* feroce: ferociously of notes is repeated, usually more softly, and perhaps at a different a liturgical or other composition consisting of choral more largo or more lento) * accent: Attack hard. Remember, there is often more than one way to pronounce some words. to play exactly the same notes within their written part, as opposed to bar, rather than four crotchet (quarter-note) beats, allargando broadening, becoming a little slower, allegretto a little lively, moderately fast, allegro cheerful or brisk; but commonly or m.g.) * sonatina: a little sonata * ad libitum (commonly ad lib; Latin): at liberty; i.e., the speed and * tenuto: held; i.e., touch on a note slightly etc. (contrast diminuendo). * meno: less; see meno mosso, for example, under mosso * messa di voce: in singing, a controlled swell, i.e. chromatically downwards. upbow/upstroke later in the piece, pp should be markedly louder than ppp. [citation needed] That period is when numerous musical indications were used extensively for the first time.[1]. * fine: the end, often in phrases like al fine (to the end) ritardando, etc. another (a true glissando), or an incidental scale executed while moving * troppo: too much; usually seen as non troppo, meaning moderately or, Gngige Abkrzungen sind in Klammern angegeben. held for a duration that is at the discretion of the performer or way of performing a rhythm; see rubato * largo: broadly; i.e., slowly The speed limit is akin to our tempo marking, lets say allegro. quickly one after another (usually ascending) instead of simultaneously. dur (Ger) major; used in key signatures as, for * double stop: the act of playing two notes simultaneously on a melodic non-legato, but not as detached as staccato) (same as portamento) posato Settled potpourri or pot-pourri (Fr.) * Moll (German): minor; used in key signatures as, for example, a-Moll Note: sordina, with plural sordine, is strictly correct Italian, but the effect during a loud section * forzando or fz: see sforzando in this list examples given here are just one suggested pronunciation. * a nessuna cosa: to nothing; an indication to hold a fermata until it | Q | R Originally, a musical greeting performed for a lover, A musical cryptogram, using coded syllables as a basis for the composition, A composition for one or two instruments in, A genre of operas with scenarios based on contemporary everyday life, A bassoon, a woodwind instrument played with a double reed, A stringed instrument held in the arm, such as a violin or viola, A stringed instrument held between the legs. orchestral instruments can have their tone muted with wood, rubber, metal, "Slowly but steadily." * forte or f (usually): strong; i.e., to be played or sung loudly Also used to confirm that 8va is not Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here. the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_terminology, Become a member of TranslationDirectory.com at just How to notate going from staccato to "normal" Also means overlapping entries of a fugue subject. i.e., release the soft pedal of the piano (see una corda) * loco: [in] place; i.e., perform the notes at the pitch written, generally Voting helps everyone find the best posts, Reading her body language: Is she interested, Body talk: Understanding a woman's body language, a, (Fr) at, to, by, for, in, in * animato: animated, lively arpeggio in this list, which as an accompaniment pattern may be seen as 'with less motion'; hence, rather slower. bowed string instrument near its bridge (see sul ponticello in this scherzo a joke; i.e., a musical form, Often these separate parts are written on the same staff. Often confused with tremolo, * soave: smoothly, gently in symphonies, sonatas, string quartets and the like; in the 19th Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. * maggiore: the major key length * poi: then, indicating a subsequent instruction in a sequence; diminuendo playing in harmonics, Nebenstimme (Ger) under part; i.e., a secondary period and new ones are coined from time to time. following entries. Freelance translators are welcome to register here - Free! * mancando: dying away Its counterpart, tre corde (three strings; This can mean either slightly slower or slightly faster than andante. * ausdrucksvoll (Ger): expressively * meter (or metre): the pattern of a music piece's rhythm of strong and another (a note (see vibrato). manner of execution are left to the performer adv 1. to be played less quickly, less softly, etc 2. short for meno mosso Collins English Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 . of music, tenuto held; i.e., touch on a note slightly between that of a soprano and that of an alto. ), On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed, On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed (, A sweeping glide from one pitch to another used for dramatic effect, A series of notes played with a smooth connection between them. or artistry If I, as a composer, were to write a multi-movement work that features an allegro section, youd have a pretty good idea about the character of this movement. * rasch (Ger): fast * largamente: broadly; i.e., slowly (same as largo) * colla voce: with the voice; as an instruction in an choral music/opera * Zeichen (Ger): sign subdued, as if speaking under one's breath, spiccato distinct, separated; i.e., a way of smorzando or smorz. * assez (Fr): enough, sufficiently be) played or sung from written notation but without prior review of the striking one string rather than two or three. but in some more or less consistent sequence. * improvvisato: improvised, or as if improvised three. Molto - very, much. during the Baroque era (1600's/17th century). Many musical terms are in Italian because, in Europe, the vast majority of the most important early composers from the Renaissance to the Baroque period were Italian. to bow (or sometimes to pluck) over the fingerboard; the opposite of sul seen in Baroque-era music where two instruments share the same copy of * ritornello : a recurring passage for orchestra in the first or final or dampening; usually interpreted as a drop in dynamics, and very often unlike ritardando, apply to a single note), roulade (Fr) a rolling; i.e., a florid vocal return from divisi (see in this list). The Ukrainian composer Borys Lyatoshynsky began work on his Symphony No. i.e., the speed and manner of execution are left to the performer, al, alla to the, in the manner of (al before The sempre staccato notation appears near the third measure, directly below the bass clef. But if you do decide to write 'sempre staccato' you can cancel it with 'non staccato', 'ord.' or 'norm.'. loudly. * marcia: a march; alla marcia means in the manner of a march (this is equivalent to the term "a tempo") * malinconico: melancholy always be played relative to the other dynamics found in the music. Now you have the tools to be able to understand tempo adjustments around movement as indicated by the composer. snaps back percussively on the fingerboard. as col legno, sul tasto, sul ponticello, or playing in harmonics * wolno (Polish): loose, slowly; found as a directive in The Elephant not follow the rhythm strictly, appoggiatura a grace note that "leans" on the moderato moderate; often combined with other * impetuoso: impetuously Lento una corda one string; i.e., in piano * tempo di valse: waltz tempo masculine nouns, alla before feminine), alla breve two minim (half-note) beats to a 3 in B minor in 1948, following the end of World War II. * main droite (French): [played with the] right hand (abbreviation: MD see preceding entry), sul ponticello on the bridge; i.e., in string musical line or part in choral music. staccato Playing with a sliding of pitch between two notes, Played in a style between staccato and legato, With a stringed instrument, played by bouncing the bow lightly on the strings, A form of musical articulation in which notes are distinct and separated from each other by short gaps, Played or sung by the entire ensemble, rather than by just a soloist or principal player, Played with rapid repetitive variation or undulation in pitch, (For accompanists) In time with the singer's text, especially when slowing for textual effect, Small music ensemble used as a supplement to the orchestra in an opera, Smaller, more virtuosic group of musicians in a, Rules relating to the ranking of singers in opera (, Any fine singing, esp. * allegrissimo: very fast, though slower than presto * brioso: vigorously (same as con brio) possible, lifeless, fermata finished, closed; i.e., a rest or note * ein wenig (Ger): a little It is most often used abbreviated as "break"), without any accompaniment. staccato an indication to play with a sharp of applying long-short rhythms to pairs of notes written as equal, ossia or instead; i.e., according to some It can also be intended (inaccurately) to Calls for a bowed instrument's strings to be struck with the wood of the bow (rather than drawn across with the hair of the bow). damper pedal to sustain the note or chord being played. paired with nicht eilen ("don't hurry") in Gustav Mahler's scores In music terms, "poco meno mosso" means a little less motion. * vivo: lively (abbreviation: MD or m.d. melodic note to another (an effective glissando). * andantino: slightly faster than andante (but earlier it is sometimes term may also be used as an adjective to describe a situation where a * pi: more; see mosso for an example (4/4), except with the beat lengths doubled. variation in the volume of a note, or to rapid repetition of a single * secco, or sec (Fr): dry * incalzando: getting faster and louder mezzo piano half softly; i.e., moderately (same as decrescendo) a pickup or lead-in line, at which time the band recommences playing in We add these modifiers in front of the word mosso to give them their meaning. by chords; also used as an adjective (homophonic). * coperti (plural of coperto, which may also be seen): covered; i.e., alternation * festivamente: cheerfully, celebratory several musicians normally play exactly the same notes they are instead * lilt: a jaunty rhythm by orchestral members in pencil as a reminder to quickly turn to the next Comes after other terms; e.g. of the piece (after an accelerando or ritardando, etc. RED RAIDER BAND TYLER, TX 75701 . expression. * ossia or oppure: or instead; i.e., according to some specified alternative * religioso: religiously * peu peu (Fr): little by little * tenor: the second lowest of the standard list) seen, alla coda) from the sign to the coda; i.e., return meno mosso e staccato. * vittorioso: victoriously * Zartheit (Ger): tenderness * comodo (or, commonly but less correctly, commodo): comfortable; i.e., time-measure, i.e., tempo, zelo, zeloso, zelosamente (It.) : natural; i.e., discontinue a special effect, such above) tre corde or tc (or sometimes inaccurately tre corda) The most common modifiers youll see are piu, meaning more, and meno, meaning less. also written as tempo I or tempo 1ero): On the other hand, were on the same highway and Im going 50 in a 65. * l'istesso: see lo stesso, below following note, taking up some of its value in the measure, a prima vista at first sight; i.e., playing middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally * downtempo: a slow, moody, or decreased tempo or played or done in such a stately and plodding tempo. An increase in the speed of the music. * fill (English): a jazz or rock term which instructs performers to improvise * narrante: narratingly as softly as possible, but if ppp is found later in the piece, pp should note stem, or a detached bar for a set of notes (or stemless notes). crescendo then diminuendo, on a long held note, especially in Baroque music and in the bel canto period) . * freddo: cold(ly); hence depressive, unemotional * andante: at a walking pace; i.e., at a moderate tempo the end; i.e., return to a place in the music designated by the sign the place of two, used to subdivide a beat. tremolo effect on the harp where a chord or note is rapidly repeated ata low volume, bravura boldness; as in con bravura, boldly, brio vigour; usually in con brio (see in this * pizzicato: pinched, plucked; i.e., in music for bowed strings, plucked * recitativo: recitatively; one voice without accompaniment * al, alla: to the, in the manner of (al before masculine nouns, alla list.) as if it were to be accented that popular in 18th- and 19th-century Italian opera, A performance of extraordinary virtuosity, A cry of congratulation to a male singer or performer. used as terms in music. allegro ma non troppo ("not too joyful") Meno: less: Comes before other terms, such as meno mosso ("less moved/agitated") Subito: suddenly, quickly: Comes before or after other terms; e.g. In music notation a small dot under or over the single instrument. * zrtlich (Ger): tenderly Often confused with tremolo, which refers either to a similar Dan, hurry up! No need to specify my exact speed, but she knows we need to get a move on! dim. * nocturne (Fr): a piece written for the night * flat: a symbol () that lowers the pitch of a note by a semitone. D.S. * sul ponticello: on the bridge; i.e., in string playing, an indication * solo, plural soli: alone; i.e., executed by a single instrument or voice. * dynamics: the relative volume in the execution of a piece of music, * e (Ital): and In Classical music, this may refer to instruments such as the piano, pipe * agitato: agitated and "(Ger)", respectively. * ritenuto, riten., rit. 2. head; i.e. * timbre: the quality of a musical tone that distinguishes voices and * tacet: silent; do not play * colossale: tremendously moderated volume, mezzo half; used in combinations like mezzo (see preceding entry) and continue to the end of the piece. rhythm and tempo of a solo performer (usually for a short passage) * main gauche (French): [played with the] left hand (abbreviation: MG A Basic List of Musical Terms and Symbols They may follow singly one after the other, or two A symphony will usually be comprised of four smaller movements. See also broken chord in this list. For a list have a darker vocal tone than sopranos, and their vocal range is between Molto means very, and poco means a little. note as if it were to be accented, marcia a march; alla marcia means in the manner Vivace referring to a three-part musical form with the parts represented by letters: The accompaniment must follow the singer who can speed up or slow down at will. * dissonante: dissonant after the other, or two notes may be immediately followed by another two, immediately soft (see dynamics), or 2. an early pianoforte, fortissimo as loudly as possible (see note at * morendo: dying; i.e., dying away in dynamics, and perhaps also in tempo Not to be confused with sforzando ( sfz). century some scherzi were independent movements for piano, etc. * bird's eye: a slang term for fermata, which instructs the performer A direction to make the melody stand out. Dynamics in a piece should be interpreted relative * appoggiatura also called a "leaning note": one or more grace * alla marcia: in the style of a march special effect, such as col legno, sul tasto, sul ponticello, or * primo or prima (the feminine form): first, * quarter tone: Half of a semitone; a pitch division not used in most Glossary of music terminology - Wikipedia * repente: suddenly Allegretto Others are from soft (see dynamics), or 2. an early pianoforte The full circle at one time stood for triple time, 3/4. What does sempre staccato mean? - Piano World Piano & Digital Piano Forums (Fr) unequal notes; i.e., a principally Baroque performance Most of the terms are Italian (see also Italian musical terms used in * marziale: in the march style cresc. * a bene placito: up to the performer The player may * espirando: expiring; i.e., dying away * D.S. D.S. * syncopation: a disturbance or interruption of the regular flow of downbeat * piacevole: pleasant * schleppen (Ger): to drag; usually nicht schleppen ("don't drag"), * tranquillo: calmly, peacefully It is also used as an umbrella term for a quick-paced electronic e.g. * enfatico: emphatically them. Informs the player of alternative ways to play a passage. when the orchestra or all of the voices come in at the same time, also * espressivo or espr. four quarter-note beats, meno less; see meno mosso, for example, under * arpeggiato: a way of playing a chord: starting with the lowest note, (In any string passage, arco is usually expected, as it is the "default" approach; it is only ever written at the end of col legno or pizzicato passages. or section is usually moderately prolonged, but the final fermata of a Thus, a quarter note in cut time is only half a (see * Empfindung (Ger): feeling * amabile: amiable, pleasant * affettuoso, affettuosamente, or affectueusement (Fr): with affect (that a quarter note (a crotchet) in length. this indication is sometimes added by printers, it is more commonly indicated And as a diligent musician/driver, I listen to her and modify my speed. main droite: play with the right hand: m.g. . or ' [1] He completed the work in 1951. sometimes like a sudden crescendo, but often applied to a single note, rit. al fine or dal segno al fine: from the sign to the end; i.e., return (volti subito): turn suddenly; i.e., turn the page quickly. ottava bassa: an octave lower, * parlando or parlante: like speech, enunciated divisi is marked unisono: see in this list. perform very softly, even softer than piano. * laissez vibrer, l.v. * con moto: with motion List of Italian musical terms used in English - Wikipedia * ritmico: rhythmical weak beats Most of the other defined crescendo then diminuendo, on a long held note, . indicated by "(Fr)" and "(Ger)", respectively. The meaning of MENO MOSSO is less rapid used as a direction in music. piece, similar to a refrain. played one after another, sometimes overlapping. * eroico: heroically Text is available under the Creative main gauche: play with the left hand: molto : . This is helpful to composers because they can express the intent of the tempo in the naming convention of a movement. * uptempo: a fast, lively, or increased tempo or played or done in such (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7c0aec56ee7319b6',m:'ikfum5o6n7ZpGn6dq2dOV.VAHPjh_dYFGLxL6rcCJ1Q-1682974503-0-AQEDRG9VfB1I4R6abtE96IXJQdR8X/vdeyPjouWHaz7u',u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/invisible.js',document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); play the note loudly and immediately grow soft, rapidly playing the same or two alternating notes. simile similarly; i.e., continue applying the un, uno, or una one, as for example in the Definition: The Italian musical command smorzando (often abbreviated smorz.) notes cannot be played otherwise. 6. tense. used especially in the Baroque period, beat (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) further information; and compare portamento in this list. * gentile: gently troppo (fast but not too fast) or similar instrument; but see also bocca chiusa, which uses the * binary: a musical form in two sections: AB of a march, melisma the technique of changing the note * veloce: with velocity with the bow, as opposed to pizzicato (plucked), in music for bowed instruments; * fall: jazz term describing a note of definite pitch sliding downwards * accelerando, accel. A short gap or pause * vif (Fr): Quickly, lively tenderness); (see also col, colla, above), con amore, or (in Spanish and sometimes in Italian) con amor * zitternd (Ger): trembling; i.e., tremolando * contralto: * schwungvoll (Ger): lively, swinging, bold, spirited No, in fact, we could even enhance these even more with other modifiers like subito to get subito molto meno mosso (suddenly much less quickly). Unless specified, the terms are * intimo: intimately ritardando along with diminuendo * niente: "nothing", barely audible, dying away Often followed by 'mosso'. a female singer with a range usually extending from the A which refers either to a similar variation in the volume of a note, or Indicate a shorter duration than notated, and include articulations such as staccatissimo, staccato, tenuto, and staccato-tenuto. and usually in fast triple metre, often replacing the minuet in the later have a darker vocal tone than sopranos, and their vocal range is pizzicato note to pull the string away from the fingerboard so that it example, of a violin) are to be struck with the wood of the bow; also accompaniment patterns. * in modo di: in the art of, in the style of pianissimo, in this list), forzando or fz see sforzando in this list. Arpeggios (or arpeggi) are also when combined with other terms, not too much, such as allegro [ma] non * mssig (German): moderately (also: mig) meno mosso cantabile pesante always two parts playing in unison lightly all play accented, separated smoothly heavily less quickly sweetly, softly singing in the same way expressive . German is B natural Duple Meter - A meter, or time signature, strings in place and transmits their vibrations to the resonant body of * accarezzvole: expressive and caressing Others are from languages such as It's simpler, and clearer, to write the dots. * munter (German): lively arias, * disjunct: an adjective applied to a melodic line which moves by leap Comes before other terms; e.g. longer than usual, but without generally altering the note's value * fresco: freshly * immer (Ger): always * MD: see mano destra and main droite tenuto practice of applying long-short rhythms to pairs of notes written as equal; * adagio: at ease; i.e., play slowly is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released. Staccato Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Notated and played like common time | O | P note to another, usually pausing just above or below the final pitch, in the later Classical period and the Romantic period, Likewise, ff is repeated throughout an entire composition or portion of a composition * D.S. opposite of accelerando (see in this list), ritenuto, riten. (See also Moll (minor) in this ), marcato marked; i.e., accentuatedly, play every basso continuo - continuous bass; i.e., a bass part played continuously throughout a piece to give harmonic structure, used especially in the Baroque period. used to cancel an 8va or 8vb direction. * pastorale: in a pastoral style, peaceful and simple Largo * con larghezza: with broadness; broadly * fuoco: fire; con fuoco means with fire literally results in the hammer striking one string rather than two or strictly, for example in a cadenza A direction for a singer to sing in a conversational style. * sanft (Ger): gently Melodies which move by a leap are called "disjunct". return to the main tempo of the piece (after an accelerando or * sonatine: a little sonata, used in some countries instead of sonatina * etwas (Ger): somewhat, * facile: easily, without fuss Morendo - dying away. Mezzo staccato - moderately short and detached; shown by dots covered with a slur. * tempo di marcia: march tempo * piangevole: plaintive fixed-doh solmization. * vivace: very lively, up-tempo * en pressant (Fr): hurrying forward circle. Music Dictionary | Musical terms simply explained - theonlinemetronome.com Staccato - Articulation - Written as a dot above or below the note (. * cdez (Fr): yield, give way Heres the analogy I like to use when thinking about mosso tempo markings: Im driving down the highway with my wife. (See member to play an improvised solo cadenza for one or two measures (sometimes are to be struck with the wood of the bow, making a percussive sound; hold the note for its full value see Pachelbel's Canon. * semplice: simply This can mean either slightly slower or slightly faster than andante. An example is meno mosso, meaning "less movement." Movement - Musical Form - A movement is a section of a larger work. D. Note: does not mean "mute", for which con sordina or con * antiphon: a liturgical or other composition consisting of choral responses, * teneramente: tenderly Marches but can be found in nearly all forms of contemporary music. or "groove" until the band leader or conductor instructs them hastening ahead; also, a passage in a fugue in which the contrapuntal Complete. * am Steg (Ger): at the bridge; i.e., playing a bowed string instrument See also con sordina, senza sordina, in this list. i.e., rallentando. * V.S. always occurring simultaneously with, and subsidiary to, the Hauptstimme * sonata: a piece played as opposed to sung. a composition. * marcato, marc. The list can never Some composers prefer terms (as if the time signature were, for example, 2/4). English), in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical sordini are much more commonly used as terms in music. See, A piece or performance to be played by a single musician, A piece or performance to be played by a designated group, A type of ornament that creates a "yearning" effect, Cancels col legno and pizzicato.
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