Said said, "There is a man who has had intercourse Al-Mughni, 1/115. that Umm al-Muhajir said, "I was captured with some girls from Byzantium. It is strongly encouraged but not enforced. hadeeth was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood. to do another hajj." pledge^4 hijrah 'Uff!' hadith - Are these sources reliable and authentic for Female narrated that he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised a She asked, 'Was he created ", Mu'awiya ibn Qurra said, "When Iyas was born to me, I invited with an axe (qadum). Thomas, Lynn M. (2000). [26] The practice is both "contiguously distributed and contagious", he writes: "It spreads across groups as more resource-endowed males encounter less resource-endowed females in circumstances of inequality." According to Sayyid Sabiq, the author of Fiqh-us-Sunnah, all hadiths concerning female circumcision are non-authentic. Question: Is female circumcision obligatory or is tradition and merely recommended?Answer: If the purpose of female genital circumcision is cutting clitoris this operation is not right and is not a religious tradition. swore~ than the other children since a ram had been sacrificed on our behalf. 'Uthman said, 'Go and circumcise them and purify them. a woollen robe while he was marking one of his camels with tar. cutting; that is better for the woman and more liked by the husband. This "Religious Circumcision: A Muslim View". the armpits, and using the siwak (arak stick for cleaning the teeth).". him and grant him peace, said, "Five things are included in the fitra: trimming the moustache, cutting the nails, shaving the pubic hair, plucking (1999). "Female genital mutilation". 1981:34, DS Hellsten. ", It is reported that al-Hasan said, "Are you not astonished by [63] A hadith in Sahih Bukhari says: "I heard the Prophet saying. Wildcards e.g. Imams Abu Dawud, Hakim (rahimahumallah) and others have recorded the following narration: Ummu Atiyyah Al Ansariyyah (radiyallahu anha) reports that a woman would perform circumcision in Madinah. have to sacrifice an animal. If the circumcision is too severe, the desire is weakened altogether, which is unpleasing for men; but if it is cut without going to extremes in that, the purpose will be achieved, which is moderating desire. 1935. In this book he wrote an extensive chapter in which he spoke of circumcision and the rulings thereon . will be given: Apparently, one who circumcizes other women was used If but it is not mentioned in the Qur'an itself. This ruling that it is Sunnah for men however, must not be taken lightly. of the clitoris will vary from woman to woman, and there may be differences between ("pledge allegiance" OR "shelter) AND prayer [6] There are four WHO categories: FGM is concentrated in what Gerry Mackie called an "intriguingly contiguous" zone in Africaeast to west from Somalia to Senegal, and north to south from Egypt to Tanzania. be upon him) ordered that his wives or daughters be circumcised, but it is 'A'isha passed In the following some relevant quotations from the Muslim traditions him peace, and I fed them and they made supplication. This suggests that the a group of the Companions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant dates. ", Kathir ibn 'Ubayd said, "When someone in the family of 'A'isha Is there a Hadith regarding female circumcision? Term Boosting e.g. [72] In 2013 the Indonesian Ulema Council, Indonesia's top Muslim clerical body, ruled that it favours FGM, stating that although it is not mandatory, it is "morally recommended". Ahmad Ibn Hanbal 5:75; Abu Dawud, Adab 167, Page 766 of the Volume II of Al-Basaer wa al-Dhakha'ir, Abu Hayyan Tawhidi, Kayln, Damascus, 1964, Al-Kalini, Abu-Ja'afar Muhammad Ibn-Yaqub. test* "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", BBC News, 18 January 2010. Treating a Female Patient's Genital Areas Treating a Female Patient's Genital Areas Taha, Sya (12 March 2013). [CDATA[ This is a Sunni tradition, now debated among Sunnis. [65], According to William Clarence-Smith, Islamic Southeast Asia "overwhelmingly" follows the Shafi`i school of law, the only one to make FGM obligatory. Finds terms that are similar in spelling. [2] Amongst Muslim legal scholars (Ulama), there are differing opinions about the compulsory or non-obligatory status of circumcision in accordance with the Islamic law (shara). February 2017. The circumciser is not required to be a Muslim but he must be medically trained. it would not be possible to use this as an insult. edited and translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, Revised Edition 1994, p. 59; I found him wearing [6][10], FGM is practised predominantly within certain Muslim societies,[11] but it also exists within some adjacent Christian and animist groups. Get him out! The greatest opposition in the area, he writes, is from syncretic Muslims in Java; some practitioners use the root of the turmeric plant to perform an alternative symbolic procedure. Female Circumcision (analysis of the hadiths) - Exploring Islam Finds terms that are similar in spelling. The following section is found in the standard Shafi'i manual Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. I think that we were more happy about it The Prophet said to her: Do not cut severely as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband." Greeks and Abyssinians became Muslim with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah There is no equivalent of a Jewish 'mohel' in Islam. Create complex phrase and word queries by using Boolean logic. Hence the words O son of an uncircumcised woman are used as an insult, because the uncircumcised woman has stronger desire. should be paid, regardless of the difference of opinion among the scholars A study in 1997 found that one third of the 113 Beta Israel women examined had experienced it; 27 percent had undergone partial or total clitoridectomy. for the hajj that they spoiled, and they should keep apart until they have ", "Bohra women go online to fight circumcision trauma", "Female Genital Mutilation: Many Pakistani women's painful secret", "Will the Syedna finally denounce khatna now? test* (Tuhfat al-Mawlud, 1/152) History of circumcision [14][51][52] A conference at Al-Azhar University in Cairo in 2006 saw prominent Muslim clergy declare it unnecessary. FGM as a practice is nearly universally unknown among the orthodox Shia Muslims. In Islam circumcision is also known as tahara, meaning purification. [3] In some Muslim-majority countries, circumcision is performed on Muslim boys after they have learned to recite the whole Quran from start to finish. Views : Rizvi et al. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. M. F. Abd-al-Baqi, Cairo, 1972, Page 199 Volume I, Al-Amili, Muhammad Ibn Hasan Al-Hur. Ibn-al-jallab (died 988, Malikite) Hanafi Madhab The Hanafi view is that it is a sunnah (optional act) for both females and males 'Delinking Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting from Islam' by Ibrahim Lethome Asmani & Maryam Sheikh Abdi (2008) Circumcision is sunnah and fitrah. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28(1), pp. [77] In 2017 two doctors and a third woman connected to the Dawoodi Bohra in Detroit, Michigan, were arrested on charges of conducting FGM on two seven-year-old girls in the United States. [79][80][81][82], Most forms of Judaism requires male circumcision, but it does not allow FGM and the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) does not mention it. Islam Q&A, You can ask your question on the website via this link: https://islamqa.info/en/ask, Password should contain small, capital letter and at least 8 characters long, Log in Questions cannot be asked through this form, Natural character and instinct of the human creation. al-Filistini) in his village. [12] The practice isn't required by most forms of Islam and fatwas have been issued forbidding FGM,[13] favouring it,[14] or leaving the decision to parents but advising against it. Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation (n.d.): 5455, Malik ibn Anas, Ketab al-mowatta, Volume I, pages 45-47, traditions 70-75. ed. Fuzzy Search e.g. [42] In Arabic, the practice is referred to as khaf (Arabic: ) or khifa (Arabic: ). Joo dos Santos wrote in 1609 of a group near Mogadishu who had a "custome to sew up their Females, especially their slaves being young to make them unable for conception, which makes these slaves sell dearer, both for their chastitie, and for better confidence which their Masters put in them". [48][49] FGM is praised in a few hadith (sayings attributed to Muhammad) as noble but not required,[50] though the authenticity of these hadith has been questioned. They should go into ihram at the same place where they went into ihram like to point out here that it has medical benefits to which attention We do not know of any difference of opinion on this matter, because it is doing something that is needed and which is allowed in shariah. Hence immoral actions are more common among the women of the Tatars and the Franks, that are not found among the Muslim women. as insult against a non-Muslim by Muslim. Fuzzy Search e.g. [59] Egyptian scholars such as Mohammed Emara and Mohammad Salim Al-Awa argue that FGM is not an Islamic practice and is not endorsed by Islamic jurisprudence. pledge^4 hijrah http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8464671.stm, Dissecting the claims of legitimization for the ritual of female circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM). peace, was circumcised when he was 120 years old. for him for his deen, his intellect and things like that.' This is the view of Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him). who remembers something and has an emission owes anything, and if a man Get him He would fast one day and break the fast the next day, It is essential that every Muslim washes before praying. n: remark by the translator; Circumcision in Islam: Compulsory? - Islam Compass But we would According to historians of religion and scholars of Religious studies, the Islamic tradition of circumcision was derived from the Pagan practices and rituals of pre-Islamic Arabia,[7] and is never mentioned in the Quran. Vol. "Circumcision Circumscribed: Female Excision and Cultural Accommodation in the Medieval Near East". Campaign against female genital mutilation in colonial Kenya, Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research, "Classification of female genital mutilation", Social Dynamics of Abandonment of Harmful Practices: A New Look at the Theory, "Care of women with female genital mutilation/cutting", "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account", "In Mauritania, progress made in ending female genital mutilation/cutting", "Religious fatwa for banning all forms of FGM/C", "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", "Iraqi Kurdistan: FGM Fatwa Positive, but Not Definitive", "Editorial: The Jewish And Christian View On Female Genital Mutilation", Female genital mutilation survey in Somaliland, "Female Genital Cutting: The Beginning of the End", "Islam and Female Genital Cutting in Southeast Asia: The Weight of the Past", "Fresh progress toward the elimination of female genital mutilation and cutting in Egypt", "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision", "Egypt mufti says female circumcision forbidden", "Secretary general of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation speaks in Jakarta at conference on the role of women in development", "Islamischer Zentralrat verteidigt die Beschneidung von Mdchen", "Mutilating bodies: the Muslim Brotherhood's gift to Egyptian women", "Islamic Ruling on Male and Female Circumcision", "Female Circumcision in Indonesia: To Islamize in Ceremony or Secrecy", "The Practice of Female Circumcision in Malaysia", "A Tiny Cut": Female Circumcision in South East Asia", "The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation", "Indonesian Ulema in favour of female circumcision: a 'human right'", "MUI pushes government to circumcise girls", "Has female genital mutilation been an old and common practice in history? [a] The procedures confer no health benefits and can lead to serious health problems. (3), Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation' by, For more details on the above fatwas and more on the background of the issue and its medical considerations look at ', Muhammad Munir published in International Review of Law (2014) and '. ' "Khitaan" in Arabic means the act of circumcising or being circumcised. Berkey, J. P. (1996). said, 'Do you have any dates with you?' [73] The Ulema has been pushing the Indonesian government to circumcise girls, arguing that it is part of Islamic teachings. Dr Bashir Quereshi, author of Transcultural Medicine, explains: "Every Muslim is expected to follow the way and the life of the Prophet Muhammad. In the male it is also called i'dhar. [1][7][19][20] According to some other adth reports, Muhammad supposedly circumcised his grandsons, asan ibn Al and usayn ibn Al, on the seventh day after their birth. explanation of the Islamic reasons for (male) circumcision. [58] The Hanafi and Hanbali schools of Islamic jurisprudence view it as makruma for women ("noble", as opposed to obligatory). concerning circumcision, such as the hadeeth in al-Bukhaari (5891) and A. M. Harun, 7 vols., Cairo, 1938, The Works of Flavius Josephus, translated by W. Whiston, 2 vols., London, 1858, Al-Halabi, Ali Ibn-Burhan-al-Din. [70] The practice is widespread among Muslim women in Indonesia,[71] and over 90 percent of Muslim adults supported it as of 2003. Imam Ahmad said: Ibn 'Abbas was very strict on this matter, and it was narrated that there is no Hajj and no prayer for him, i.e., if a person is not circumcised his Hajj and prayer are not valid. Questions cannot be asked through this form, Natural character and instinct of the human creation, The meaning of circumcision in Islam (khitan). In 2004, after CNN broadcast images of a girl in Cairo undergoing FGM, then Grand Mufti of Egypt Muhammad Sayyid Tantawi declared that hadiths on FGM were unreliable. Atiyah, may Allah be pleased with her, according to which a woman used to perform This hadith suggests that both male and female circumcision was recognized by the Prophet. Type III (infibulation): removal of the inner and outer labia and the fusion of the wound, leaving a matchstick-sized hole for the passing of urine and menstrual blood; Type IV: miscellaneous practices, including symbolic nicking. For the majority of Muslims, circumcision is seen as an introduction to the Islamic faith and a sign of belonging. Sahih al-Bukhari 6298 - Asking Permission - Sunnah.com [54][55] Ali Gomaa, then Grand Mufti of Egypt, stated: "It's prohibited, prohibited, prohibited. [38][b] In 2007, in a landmark ruling on the practice, the authoritative Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research in Cairo declared that female genital mutilation has "no basis in core Islamic law or any of its partial provisions".[39][c]. For men it is more strictly required, but for women it is less strictly required." this man? `Umdat as-Salik by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri (d. 769/1386), cannot enter these churches of yours with the images which are inside them. [43][44] Less severe forms of FGM, or what the World Health Organization calls Type I (removal of the clitoral hood and/or the clitoral glans), may be referred to as sunna (recommended). Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) wrote a useful book on the rulings concerning the newborn, which he called Tuhfat al-Mawdud fi Ahkam al-Mawlud. He was circumcised Boosts words with higher relevance. of it, but rather a part of it. It is strongly encouraged but not enforced. [21] by the room and saw him singing and shaking his head in rapture - and of it, but only a part. This is the opinion of many scholars. 'Uthman offered us Islam, but only myself and one other girl accepted Islam. "[35] Type III FGM became linked to slavery. [30], Islamic scriptures do not fix a particular time for circumcision. [47], Senior Muslim religious authorities agree that FGM is neither required nor prohibited by Islam. [1][2][3][4][17] There is mention of it on a Greek papyrus from 163 BCE and a possible indirect reference to it on a coffin from Egypt's Middle Kingdom (c.19911786 BCE). ", An old woman from Kufa, the grandmother of 'Ali ibn Ghurab, reported O: excerpt from the commentary of Sheikh 'Umar Barakat), The Muslim site Islam Q&A gives a The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'The Ansar love dates,' and (this is called HufaaD).". Supporters of circumcision also argue that excrements may collect under the foreskin which may lead to fatal diseases such as cancer. If I make The Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon Him) told her: [78], In Pakistan and India female genital mutilation is practiced by Muslims of the Dawoodi Bohra and Sheedi communities, who believe that it leads to purity. (al-Mughni 1/70). Comparative Index to Islam : CIRCUMCISION And Allah knows best. According to tradition Muhammad was born without a foreskin (aposthetic). [25], In the Sunn branch of Islam, the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence have different opinions and attitudes towards circumcision:[1] some state that it's recommendable, others that it's permissible but not binding, while others regard it as a legal obligation. The one who is uncircumcised is called aghlaf or aqlaf. another report: Take only a little and do not go to extremes., It is also [16] Once in Israel, the women abandoned FGM. ", Umm 'Alqama related that when the daughters of 'A'isha's brother Ibn al-Sabbagh said in al-Shamil: What is obligatory in the case of a man is to cut the skin on the tip of the penis until the entire glans becomes visible. [3] It depends on family, region, and country. [15][16][b] However, FGM was introduced in Southeast Asia by the spread of Shafi'i version of Islamic jurisprudence, which considers the practice obligatory.
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