And if enough people broke through they would be killed and I would be killed. And a couple of 'em had pulled out their guns. And they were gay. People talk about being in and out now, there was no out, there was just in. That's more an uprising than a riot. Primary sources related to the Black Nite Brawl in August 1961 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. I mean it didn't stop after that. Danny Garvin:Everybody would just freeze or clam up. Fred Sargeant:The tactical patrol force on the second night came in even larger numbers, and were much more brutal. Jerry Hoose:The bar itself was a toilet. People standing on cars, standing on garbage cans, screaming, yelling. Raymond Castro:There were mesh garbage cans being lit up on fire and being thrown at the police. Was he present at the The music was great, cafes were good, you know, the coffee houses were good. I was back living in my hometown of Bangor, Maine when I heard the news on the local radio station of the riot at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village. He may appear normal, and it may be too late when you discover he is mentally ill. John O'Brien:I was a poor, young gay person. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Danny Garvin:We became a people. What do you do in Documenting the Stonewall Riots that you didnt do in your book? And a whole bunch of people who were in the paddy wagon ran out. And that, that was a very haunting issue for me. Document Lynn and Louis Wolfson II Florida Moving Image Archives The Laramie Project Cast at The Calhoun School Tires were slashed on police cars and it just went on all night long. Martin Boyce:We were like a Hydra. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We were looking for secret exits and one of the policewomen was able to squirm through the window and they did find a way out. Martin Boyce:All of a sudden, Miss New Orleans and all people around us started marching step by step and the police started moving back. But we couldn't hold out very long. Very sleazy and colorful place I recall seeing boys walking around in silver jockstraps, etc. Though no longer on City Room, New York Today continues to appear every weekday morning, offering a roundup of news and events for the city. You had no place to try to find an identity. WebChicago Race Riot in 1919, Tulsa Race Massacre 1921, Zoot Suite riot in 1943, riots in Newark and Detroit in 1967 and the LA Riots in 1995)(See Stonewall Riots, 1969). The Genovese family bribed New Yorks Sixth Police Precinct to ignore the activities occurring within the club. The lights came on, it's like stop dancing. One was the 1845 statute that made it a crime in the state to masquerade. Certainly it was rare at the time to learn more than the first name or nickhame of someone you met casually in a bar. NPS.gov. As president of the Mattachine Society in New York, I tried to negotiate with the police and the mayor. They were supposed to be weak men, limp-wristed. You can also receive it via email. There may be some girls here who will turn lesbian. John O'Brien:Heterosexuals, legally, had lots of sexual outlets. The Web site OutHistory.org has obtained police records from the start of the Stonewall Based on And then they send them out in the street and of course they did make arrests, because you know, there's all these guys who cruise around looking for drag queens. Jay Fialkov The day will soon come when everyone will be able to walk in the sunshine that being able to be ones self provides. And I found them in the movie theatres, sitting there, next to them. According to the documents the police allowed the bars to operate, overlooking violations in return for a percentage of the take. This, the very first U.S. According to all of these documents one of the main causes of these riots were sparked whenever they failed to pay off the cops. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We only had about six people altogether from the police department knowing that you had a precinct right nearby that would send assistance. Armed with a warrant, police officers entered the club, roughed up patrons, and, finding bootlegged alcohol, arrested 13 people, including employees and people violating the states gender-appropriate clothing statute (female officers would take suspected cross-dressing patrons into the bathroom to check their sex). Few photographs of the raid and the riots that followed exist. Why We Remember Stonewall. Homosexuality was a dishonorable discharge in those days, and you couldn't get a job afterwards. Every arrest and prosecution is a step in the education of the public to the solution of the problem. So I attempted suicide by cutting my wrists. That's it. Since the Stonewall was without a license, the place was being closed. You see these cops, like six or eight cops in drag. Paul Bosche Stonewall Riots William Eskridge, Professor of Law:At the peak, as many as 500 people per year were arrested for the crime against nature, and between 3- and 5,000 people per year arrested for various solicitation or loitering crimes. WebLast Friday the privacy of the Stonewall was invaded by police from the First Division. NBC News Archives But I gave it up about, oh I forget, some years ago, over four years ago. . Lauren Noyes. So in every gay pride parade every year, Stonewall lives. You throw into that, that the Stonewall was raided the previous Tuesday night. Clever. He was later sued by the police officer, Gilbert Weisman, for assault, and had to pay a fine. The severity of the punishment varies from state to state. And I hadn't had enough sleep, so I was in a somewhat feverish state, and I thought, "We have to do something, we have to do something," and I thought, "We have to have a protest march of our own." In 1924, the first gay rights organization is founded by Henry Gerber in Chicago. It was also a favorite haunt of underage and homeless members of the LGBTQ community. I mean I'm talking like sardines. And the police were showing up. John O'Brien:It was definitely dark, it was definitely smelly and raunchy and dirty and that's the only places that we had to meet each other, was in the very dirty, despicable places. The Stonewall Inn was a sanctuary for drag queens, who were not always welcomed even at other gay bars. Liz Davis Bars were one of the few places LBGTQ+ people could gather in public, and these spaces were frequently raided throughout the 1950s-1970s. We were all there. Chapter 2: Activist Agendas and Visions before Stonewall, Chapter 3: Political Protests before Stonewall, Chapter 6: Activist Agendas after Stonewall, Chapter 7: Political Protests after Stonewall, About the Author:Short CV/Long CV/Biography, Documenting the Stonewall Riots: A Bibliography of Primary Sources, View the files for Part I, II, III and Resources, San Francisco State When Susana Fernandes If there had been a riot of that proportion in Harlem, my God, you know, there'd have been cameras everywhere. A police officer, Charles Holmes, was treated at St. Vincents Hospital after being bitten on the right wrist by a rioter. WebThe legacy of the Stonewall riots still makes its impact today. Seymour Wishman Finally, Mayor Lindsay listened to us and he announced that there would be no more police entrapment in New York City. At one point, an officer hit a lesbian over the head as he forced her into the police van she shouted to onlookers to act, inciting the crowd to begin throw pennies, bottles, cobble stones and other objects at the police. Jerry Hoose:I mean the riot squad was used to riots. (U.K.-based), GLAAD (formerly Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation), PFLAG (formerly Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays), and Queer Nation. Stonewall Riot Police violence and bar raids did not end after Stonewall. Read a July 6, 1969excerpt fromTheNew York Daily News. And, you know,The Village Voiceat that point started using the word "gay.". Danny Garvin:It was a chance to find love. Jerry Hoose:I was chased down the street with billy clubs. Martin Boyce:Mind you socks didn't count, so it was underwear, and undershirt, now the next thing was going to ruin the outfit. were wrongplain and simple.. Image: Police push protestors back outside of the Stonewall Inn in the early hours of June 28, 1969. The criminalization of homosexuality led many gay establishments to operate sans liquor license, providing an open door for raids and police brutality. All I knew about was that I heard that there were people down in Times Square who were gay and that's where I went to. Geoff Kole In 1966, they purchased Stonewall Inn (a straight bar and restaurant), cheaply renovated it, and reopened it the next year as a gay bar. Ellen Goosenberg And, I did not like parading around while all of these vacationers were standing there eating ice cream and looking at us like we were critters in a zoo. Martha Shelley:The riot could have been buried, it could have been a few days in the local newspaper and that was that. Danny Garvin:Bam, bam and bash and then an opening and then whoa. and this is further reason to believe that.. Some are only available in physical libraries and archives, but many have been digitized. John O'Brien:The election was in November of 1969 and this was the summer of 1969, this was June. Producers Library When Martha Shelley, 25, climbed on top of a water fountain in a park near Stonewall exactly one month after the riot, she feared for her life. All of the rules that I had grown up with, and that I had hated in my guts, other people were fighting against, and saying "No, it doesn't have to be this way.". (The original inn closed soon after the riots, and the new bar, which occupies only part of the original space, has no other connection to the original establishment.) It sparked protests, political organization for gays, and gay pride parades. For such reasons, LGBT individuals flocked to gay bars and clubs, places of refuge where they could express themselves openly and socialize without worry. "We're not going.". Jerry Hoose:And we were going fast. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This was a highly unusual raid, going in there in the middle of the night with a full crowd, the Mafia hasn't been alerted, the Sixth Precinct hasn't been alerted. In Stonewall, renowned historian and activist Martin Duberman tells the full story of this pivotal moment in history. Martin Boyce:The day after the first riot, when it was all over, and I remember sitting, sun was soon to come, and I was sitting on the stoop, and I was exhausted and I looked at that street, it was dark enough to allow the street lamps to pick up the glitter of all the broken glass, and all the debris, and all the different colored cloth, that was in different places. Mr. Carter also said the documents corroborated information that had been provided to him by Seymour Pine, the police inspector who led the raid on the Stonewall Inn (and later expressed regret about the nature and Martha Babcock There was no going back now, there was no going back, there was no, we had discovered a power that we weren't even aware that we had. Narrator (Archival):Richard Enman, president of the Mattachine Society of Florida, whose goal is to legalize homosexuality between consenting adults, was a reluctant participant in tonight's program. They were not used to a bunch of drag queens doing a Rockettes kick line and sort of like giving them all the finger in a way. Stonewall Within minutes, a full-blown riot involving hundreds of people began. and someone would say, "Well, they're still fighting the police, let's go," and they went in. Gay bars were to gay people what churches were to blacks in the South. Saying I don't want to be this way, this is not the life I want. Martin Boyce:In the early 60s, if you would go near Port Authority, there were tons of people coming in. "Don't fire. Marc Steins The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History is a primary-source collection of the sort that a professor might assign in a class on social movements. Library of Congress - The Stonewall Uprising of 1969, Columbia University - The Stonewall Riots, Stonewall riots - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Martha Shelley:Before Stonewall, the homophile movement was essentially the Mattachine Society and Daughters of Bilitis and all of these other little gay organizations, some of which were just two people and a mimeograph machine. Arrest Reports From the 1969 Stonewall Uprising - New York Times Everyone from the street kids who were white and black kids from the South. Stonewall Riots Queer Riffs on Life Since 1969, for 7:30 p.m. Monday at the current John O'Brien:We had no idea we were gonna finish the march. Doric Wilson:When I was very young, one of the terms for gay people was twilight people, meaning that we never came out until twilight, 'til it got dark. They had a warrant. Stonewall Riots Get the latest on new films and digital content, learn about events in your area, and get your weekly fix of American history. For the first time the next person stood up. People started throwing pennies. Daniel Pine Homo, homo was big. Nobody. Webraided a Greenwich Village nightclub called the Stonewall Inn. Little is known about the four people cited in the documents Vincent DePaul, Marilyn Fowler, Wolfgang Podolski and Thomas Staton whose involvement was not previously documented.
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