All day they would press them between their lips to keep them sharp. i@{K="{Z9~b[lVk2S\OK*wok5.%.Y)=`S\r It was founded in 1914 by Sabin von Sochocky and George Willis, both physicians. This explanation is plausible and might provide a partial explanation for the decreased luminosity of old paint, but I have my doubts. New Jersey Orange Essex County, 1968. "The former U.S. Radium Corporation facility, which covers 2 acres in the City of Orange, Essex County, New Jersey, is a former radium-processing plant where extraction, production . United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ. talladega high school basketball. These investigations had military as well as civilian implications. Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Orange, Essex County, New Jersey. ", "At this time, investigations to identify additional contaminated properties are complete, and the cleanup of contaminated properties is essentially complete," according to the March 2013 document. Radium Girls from NJ factory may get federal honors in U.S. bill The "M&E" later became a vital part of the Delaware, Lackawanna, & Western Railroad (DL&W) and survives today as NJ Transit's busy Morristown Line. By : american pilots association; Comment: 0 After initial success in developing a glow-in-the-dark radioactive paint, the company was subject to several lawsuits in the late 1920s in the wake of severe illnesses and deaths of workers (the Radium Girls) who had ingested radioactive material. Electrons in the valance band are fixed in place, but they become mobile in the conduction band. If only black-and-white ("b&w") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing - Significance: The U.S. Radium Corporation site, including the surviving structural components dating to the period 1917-1926, were associated with nationally significant developments in health and safety standards, the ability of women reformers to secure protection for workers handling radioactive materials, and tools used to detect and Trommers brewed beer under that label until 1950, when the concern was again sold to Liebmann Breweries, Incorporated, which bottled Rheingold. Eventually, after several additional owners, the plant was closed for good in 1977. Radium is highly radioactive. such as microfilm or copy prints? JERSEYANA - The New York Times Therefore, it does not license or charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material. There is almost no information available about the average activity of radium in clocks, nevertheless, it is known that the average activity in the clock dials from one manufacturer during the early 1970s was 0.5 uCi. Reference staff can New Jersey Orange Essex County, 1968. translateds by Alfson, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. The factories ended up hiring mostly young women, aged anywhere from fifteen into their late twenties, to sit at desks and carefully paint According to a Department of Commerce Information Circular from 1930, the paint might contain "from 0.7 to 3 and even 4 milligrams of radium element to 100 grams of zinc sulfide. In that year, the company consolidated its operations at facilities in Morristown, New Jersey and South Centre Township east of Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. 1,971 likes. Prominent hatters, including the Stetsons, relied largely on Irish, German, and later Italian workers to staff their factories. Hatting peaked in the 1890s. By 1892, 21 firms were engaged in that trade, employing over 3,700 people in plants valued at nearly $1.1 million. Library of Congress Duplication Services. georgia forensic audit pulitzer; pelonis box fan manual Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through site of the original radium company city of orange Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. It then became known as the City of Orange Township. site of the original radium company city of orange At least in some plants they were actually trained how to do it. As a result of the ingestion of the radium, many of the dial painters developed medical problems of varying degrees of severity. x%_TMYR5V.3ukV{Vg4cc100 `=a_ld1`16H~dbwq8'N#b}w[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[l[*[l[l[l&)6v0./b-b-b]{j!/We_9+b-b-b++(o|GsyzkOe7l7.jI-RMn vKmYl[l[dcOgl7V|K+YLH%pWmNG7/%Z?-?]eV{n q}w?lb-b}+LwJy[l[Wt7'mbVtwsU?RXl[l}7]j Local history has always been very important to the City of Orange Township's residents. Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, Michael S Raber, Eugene J Boesch, and Michael S Raber, Flagg, Thomas R, and Gerald Weinstein, photographer. Therefore, the town became a busy thoroughfare for travelers, and hotels abounded due to the advent of stagecoach travel. This can be converted into an effective dose equivalent (essentially a whole body dose) of 0.02 mrem per year. caina and terrence meteor garden. The other areas separated from the Town of Orange on various dates: South Orange was organized on January 26, 1861; Fairmount (later to become part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862; East Orange on March 4, 1863; and West Orange (including Fairmount) on March 14, 1863. History of the City of Orange, NJ | PureHistory Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the The first electric trolley in the State of New Jersey operated over a section of this line. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies sites such as Us Radium Corp because they pose or had once posed a potential risk to human health and/or the environment due to contamination by one or more hazardous wastes . Through our specialized teams of experts and access to a consortium of more than 150 major Ph.D.-granting institutions, ORAU works with federal, state, local and commercial customers to provide innovative scientific and technical solutions and help advance their missions. In Bloomsburg, it continued to produce items with luminescent paint using radium, strontium-90 and cesium-137 such as watch dials, instrument gauge faces, deck markers, and paint. Unbeknownst to the women, the paint was highly radioactive and therefore, carcinogenic. Shattuck Chemical Company, Inc. ("Shattuck") property located at 1805 South Bannock Street; The estimated effective dose equivalent to a homeowner due to a clock containing Pm-147 was 0.002 mrem per year. ziggy gruber daughters; liheap appointment scheduler; site of the original radium company city of orange endobj On October 2, 1837, the first steam locomotive appeared, and the horses were, with minor exception, relegated to pasture. [4], The company's luminescent paint, marketed as Undark, was a mixture of radium and zinc sulfide; the radiation causing the sulfide to fluoresce. It was finally demolished in 1968, when its radium-contaminated rubble was used as landfill around. Agency (EPA) during cleanup operations at the Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania Safety Light Corporation Superfund site. Some of the radiation energy deposited in the crystals promotes electrons from the valance band to the conduction band (these are different energy levels of electrons in the crystal). This firm refined ore and extracted radium used to make luminous paint for dials and hands of watches and other indicators . United States Radium Corporation, Paint Application Building, 422 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, Historic American Engineering Record, creator. Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, In one, the effective dose equivalent was estimated to be 0.2 mrem per year. 1912. The company did not stop the hand painting of dials until 1947. Radioluminescent Items | Museum of Radiation and Radioactivity U.S. Radium Corp. Orange, N.J. Waste Lands: America's forgotten The Paint At that time, a typical activity for GTLS was 200 mCi. (iii) 15 millicuries of tritium per dial (bezels when used shall be considered as part of the dial). Orange, NJ: Orange Publishing Company, 1956.). Building/structure dates: 1917 Initial Construction, Historic American Engineering Record (Library of Congress), Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. 4 skeleton maps. "Approximately 1/2 to 2 tons of ore per day was processed and disposed of on and Ultimately, it is the researcher's obligation to assess copyright or other use restrictions and obtain permission from third parties when necessary before publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections. |7pGoP]%P37`}! m2Las )S-,\5x7X\`=A{=7^{{nUp`V]aOr\2[sKvv1!{Kgx;Soo*RgQzqB]!.nmg^xyH=FL]! Osteyee's Great Radium Spring Water Company incorporated May 1915 in Albany, New York. 1924. Radium Girls: The Women Who Fought for Their Lives in a Killer However, the most popular use for radium was in the making of clocks. In a documentary Radium City (1986), the mayor at the time downplayed any danger of the radioactive sites. 0000000016 00000 n [12], The chief medical examiner of Essex County, New Jersey, Harrison Stanford Martland, MD, published a report in 1925 that identified the radioactive material the women had ingested as the cause of their bone disease and aplastic anemia, and ultimately death.[2]. <> stream The Orange Brewery was constructed in 1901 at a reported cost of $350,000. PDF Record of Decision Amendment, Denver Radium Site Operable Unit Viii the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. site of the original radium company city of orange [2], U.S. Radium workers, especially women who painted the dials of watches and other instruments with luminous paint, suffered serious radioactive contamination. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. 0000077441 00000 n British Medical Research Council (1956) 0.2 uCi, Seelentag & Klotz, Germany (1959) 0.04 uCi 0.008 - 0.095 uCi, Seelentag & Schmier, Germany (1961) 0.014 uCi 0.002 - 0.885 uCi, Fitzsimmons (1972) 0.2 to 1.8 mrem per year with an average of 0.6 mrem per year, Moghissi and Carter (1975) 0.8 urem/27 uCi. The latter dose not only applies to the wearer of the watch, it also applies to anyone in the same room as the wearer of the watch. "RADIUM PAINT TAKES ITS INVENTOR'S LIFE; Dr. Sabin A. von Sochocky Ill a Long Time, Poisoned by Watch Dial Luminant. The inside wall of the tube was coated with the luminescent material while the tritium was present as a gas. site of the original radium company city of orange The United States Radium Company was a notorious resident of Orange. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. Since Carteret was the Royal Governor of the Isle of Jersey, the territory became known as "New Jersey." The total effective dose equivalent to the individual wearing the watch would therefore be 0.04 mrem per year. [Data Pages from Survey HAER NJ-121-B ], [Photo Captions from Survey HAER NJ-121-B ]. It emits a gamma ray at 121 keV in a small fraction of its decays. Over time, the intensity of the glow from the paint will decrease because of the damage caused to the ZnS crystals by the alpha particles. Note that it is possible to petition the NRC under the provisions of 10 CFR 30.19 to produce timepieces with activities exceeding those in 10 CFR 30.15. In the United States, the first company to produce radioluminescent paint was the Radium Luminous Material Corporation in Newark, New Jersey. The following items were identified in the article as containing radioluminescent paint: house numbers, keyhole locators, ship's compasses, telegraph dials, mine signs, steam gages, pistol sights, poison bottle indicators, bedroom slipper buttons, furniture locator buttons, theater seat numbers, automobile steering-wheel locks, luminous fish bait, and glowing eyes for toy dolls and animals. Tanks & Spills Report for Essex County, NJ, Orange Valley Regional Ground Water Contamination. The result is that the intensity of the light from the paint will increase over the first five years or so due to the in-growth of the Th-228. PDF Ottawa Radiation Areas Ottawa, Lasalle County, Illinois Epa Facility Id The sealed tubes, made of borosilicate glass, were 0.5 to 1.0 cm long, and one or two millimeters in diameter. The dead woman, and others who survived, became known as the first known victims of industrial radium poisoning. Systematic Radiological Assessment of Exemptions for Source and Byproduct Materials. https://www.loc.gov/item/nj1644/. The author was D.W. Gregory. Map of congested district. Since then, similar but smaller tubes attached to the hands and dial faces of analog watches have been used. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. 0000001686 00000 n @%~j~4dKg,}5o}r[^: q]b6 &pc.- H%00,P42&%@0P#(( (f6E!*e00YCA[ZXX=P &dllAT4$l!by` . 2UG(@C7Fm!,1lko``m`KaFG )I!v:0. Iqy 1939 - Feb 1951. site of the original radium company city of orange March 10, 1991. United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ. The Library of Congress does notown rights to material in its collections. All tritium operations at the plant ceased by the end of 2007. Previously referred to as the "Mountain Society" area, the name Orange was first used and adopted by the settlers in 1780. It was derived from the name of England's ruling house, the House of Orange. The young women got horribly and gruesomely sick. Any mesothorium that might have been used will no longer be present, it has long since decayed away. In fact, the instructors sometimes swallowed some of the paint to show it was harmless. The City of Orange Township is approximately 2.2 square miles and is surrounded by the municipalities of East Orange, South Orange and West Orange. The City historically contained two marsh land areas bounded by the North side of Main Street, between Day Street and South Harrison Street, stretching to Highland Avenue and both sides of Irvington along South Center Street. The regulations set forth by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 10 CFR 30.15 state that an individual does not need a license to possess timepieces if the following specifications are not exceeded: (i) 25 millicuries of tritium per timepiece. Historic American Engineering Record, C., Boesch, E. J. For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information, If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. In a case of bad judgment, he failed to patent the idea. Quoting Ed Landa: "zinc sulfide was mixed with a radium salt to yield products containing about 25 to 300 ug [one ug is essentially the same as one uCi] of radium element per gram. In some plants the brush was also tipped before painting a numeral. The greater the number of alpha or beta particles striking the crystals, and the greater the energy deposited in them, the brighter the light. Approximately 1/2 to 2 tons of ore per day was processed and disposed of on and off the property. Quoting Ross Mullner "there were so many radium painters in that country that it was common to recognize them on the streets even on the darkest nights because of the glow around them: their hair sparkled almost like a halo.". Us Radium Corp. The production of beer ceased with prohibition in 1920, and after the repeal of the Holstead Act in 1933, the brewery was sold to John F. Trommers of Philadelphia. Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. The legacy of the Radium Girls can't be understated. 0000001816 00000 n Radioluminescent paint consists of a radioactive material mixed together with a luminescent crystalline powder. The dose to wearers of tritium-containing radioluminescent watches is due to the leakage of tritium from the device and the tritium then being absorbed through the skin. [3] In Orange, where radium was extracted from 1917 to 1926, the U.S. Radium facility processed half a ton of ore per day. It was once the hat-making capital of the United States, as several brothers founded the "No-Name Hat Company," before one of them moved on to make fedoras in Philadelphia under the family name, "Stetson." Little, E. H. - Colgate, Samuel - Colgate, Gilbert - Colgate, Richard - Colgate, William - Christianson, Justine - Colgate, Austen - Palmolive Company - Colgate, Sidney - Zakalak, Ulana D Little, E. H. - Colgate, Samuel - Colgate, Gilbert - Colgate, Richard - Colgate, William - Christianson, Justine - Colgate, Austen - Palmolive Company - Colgate, Sidney - Zakalak, Ulana D - Flagg, Thomas R - Colgate, Bowles - Historic American Engineering Record - Raber, Michael S - Weinstein, Gerald - Palmolive-Peet Company - Colgate-Palmolive - Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Company - Colgate, Charles - Associates of the Jersey Company - Pearce, Charles - Colgate, Russell, Photo(s): 2 | Data Page(s): 7 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Raber, Michael S - Turner Construction Company - Hartz Mountain Industries, Incorporated - Kahn, Albert - Ford Motor Company - Flagg, Thomas R - Pittsburgh Clay Products Company - Historic American Engineering Record. color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of Around 1920, a similar radium dial business, known as the Radium Dial Company, a division of the Standard Chemical Company, opened in Chicago. who played sarah sheffield on the nanny. Let the Journal know at wastelands@wsj.com, "The former U.S. Radium Corporation facility, which covers 2 acres in the City of Orange, Essex County, New Jersey, is a former radium-processing plant where extraction, production, application, and distribution took place from about The workers had been told that the paint was harmless. Us Radium Corp is a superfund site located at Alden And High Sts And Other Addresses, Orange, NJ 07050. The original. Zinc sulfide powder has been the most widely used luminescent material. The company was founded in 1914 in New York City, by Dr. Sabin Arnold von Sochocky and Dr. George S. Willis, as the Radium Luminous Material Corporation. City Council Agenda; Watch Meetings Online; Orange TV3 Live; By-District Elections; Boards and Commissions; Social Media. Double-paged plates numbered 1-31. The light emitted by the paint is due to the radiation energy deposited in the luminescent crystals by alpha and/or beta particles. City of Orange, CA | Home Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as With the advent of the profitable shoe and hat-making factories, wealthy industrialists fashioned large airy country homes in sections, North of Main Street, that took advantage of access to the railroads and the mineral springs of West Orange. The city was once known as a health resort, due to its fine climate and the medicinal qualities of the water in this area. In 1850, with the influx of factory workers, housing construction significantly increased the density of housing in the area. By 1900, a thriving immigrant working class culture existed. Factory employees generally resided in multiple-family dwellings surrounding a small business district. The next major residential development occurred during the post-World War I period in the Seven Oaks section. This area is surrounded by the Colgate Estates and in proximity to the Highland Avenue Rail Road Station. Seven Oaks is still noteworthy as having the highest quality of housing and neighborhood amenities in Orange. Bound. Colgate & Company Jersey City Plant, Between 1931 Pierhead Line, Essex, York, & Montgomery Streets, Jersey Ford Motor Company Edgewater Assembly Plant, Substation, 309 River Road, Edgewater, Bergen County, NJ. The old Radium Dial Company building became a meatpacking plant and then a farmer's co-op. Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and Survey number: HAER NJ-121-A, - Building zone map. Send tips to, Report on Residual Radioactive and Beryllium Contamination at Atomic Weapons Employer Facilities and Beryllium Vendor Facilities (Aug. 2011), Environmental Protection Agency fact sheet, 2006 Environmental Protection Agency report. Their responses are included when available. 0000092751 00000 n Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. The company was founded in 1914 in New York City, by Dr. Sabin Arnold von Sochocky and Dr. George S. Willis, as the Radium Luminous Material Corporation. Radium Girls is also rare in that very few American movies have been made about the early 20th century struggles of female (or male) workers. Orange threw a big party on its Centennial in 1807, and another when it celebrated it and it's Sesquicentennial in 1956 with much fanfare.At the Sesquicentennial, President Dwight D. Eisenhower was invited and wrote the following about Orange: 046. The radium was usually in the form of radium sulfatethe latter is less soluble than the other radium salts that were available (radium bromide and radium chloride). Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, Eugene J Boesch, and Michael S Raber, Weinstein, Gerald, photographer. oB*654VuG}k{6|}.O-bcDg{/>`&d}/s(7yeO}{zucWx AA8wQ,]KW+vx2\vn~0AUfUkqa..}rCTX'wnc?Cgg7kT}UZF51Y7]3b*@itILyBfC(wlM^W#:llNm,l)b. INTERIOR VIEW TO NORTHEAST - United States Radium Corporation, Radium https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information, United States Radium Corporation, 422-432 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, Ford Motor Company Edgewater Assembly Plant, Assembly Building, 309 River Road, Edgewater, Bergen County, NJ. trailer 1156 0 obj <> endobj The paint so wiped off the brush was swallowed.". The company produced uranium from carnotite ore and eventually moved into the business of producing radioluminescent paint, and then to the application of that paint. 0 Standard Chemical Company used the name "Luna" and the Cold Light Manufacturing Company, a subsidiary of the Radium Company of Colorado, made "Marvelite." According to NCRP Report No. 130. Even before official standards of workplace radiation exposure were established after World War II, data from dial painters' cases were a major source in the health and safety codes developed for the wartime Manhattan Project. Hat making had emerged as Orange's dominant industry by the 1850s. error404,theme-capri,qode-core-2.1.1,select-core-2.1.1,woocommerce-no-js,ajax_fade,page_not_loaded,,capri-ver-3.3, vertical_menu_background_opacity, vertical_menu_with_scroll,smooth_scroll,fade_push_text_top,paspartu_enabled,woocommerce_installed,blog_installed,wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-6.4.2,vc_responsive. Photo(s): 3 | Data Page(s): 98 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Raber, Michael S - Alfson, Mary - Weinstein, Gerald - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Boesch, Eugene J, Photo(s): 8 | Data Page(s): 16 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3, Photo(s): 89 | Data Page(s): 53 | Photo Caption Page(s): 7, Raber, Michael S - Turner Construction Company - Weinstein, Gerald - Pittsburgh Clay Products - Kahn, Albert - Hartz Mountain Industries, Incorporated - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Cary, Brian, Photo(s): 20 | Data Page(s): 6 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3, Van Dolsen, Nancy - Alfson, Mary - Historic American Engineering Record - Strauss Bascule Bridge Company - Stokes, Christopher, Measured Drawing(s): 1 | Data Page(s): 38, Raber, Michael S - Weinstein, Gerald - Raber, Michael S. - Stewart, Robert C - Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company - Westinghouse Electric Company - Historic American Engineering Record. Orange, West Orange. The Safety Light Corporation, in turn, was sold to its management and spun off as an independent entity in 1982. The higher the activity of the radium-226 (and the brighter the luminescence) the faster the deterioration. are occupied by residences, light industries, offices, grocery stores, and apartment buildings.
