Several Czechs were killed, and the remainder hid in the church's crypt. Many historians regard Heydrich as one of the darkest figures within the Nazi regime;[5][6][7] Adolf Hitler described him as "the man with the iron heart". WebCzech Agents who had trained in Great Britain parachuted into German-occupied Czech territory to assassinate SS General Reinhard Heydrich in Prague.. Heydrich was the chief of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) in Berlinthe SS and police agency most directly concerned with implementing the Holocaust during World War II. Rudolf Diels Eberstein met Heydrich at the railway station and took him to see Himmler. Wearing Polish uniforms, 150 German troops carried out several attacks along the border. [155][156][157], Heydrich's replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA,[139] and Karl Hermann Frank (2728 May 1942) and Kurt Daluege (28 May 1942 14 October 1943) as the new acting Reichsprotektors. He received severance pay of 200 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 755 in 2021) a month for the next two years. [60] The courts were not allowed to investigate or interfere. [52], Hermann Gring founded the Gestapo in 1933 as a Prussian police force. HEYDRICH [110], When Hitler asked for a pretext for the invasion of Poland in 1939, Himmler, Heydrich, and Heinrich Mller masterminded a false flag plan code-named Operation Himmler. [115] Heydrich ensured the safety of certain athletes, such as Paul Sommer, a Jewish German champion fencer he knew from his pre-SS days, and the Polish Olympic fencing team that competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.[116]. 'He offered to help gain money for it, for instance, via the European Union. However, the reconciled Heydrich couple had another child, a daughter named Silke (born 9 April 1939). The Germans attempted to flush the men out with gunfire and tear gas, and by flooding the crypt. The second of three children, his father Bruno was a singer and minor composer, and his mother Elizabeth came from a These included the German Order,[167] Blood Order,[136] Golden Party Badge, Luftwaffe Pilot's Badge, bronze and silver Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for combat missions, and the Iron Cross First and Second Classes.[163]. Commissioned as a naval officer, he was discharged in 1931 after a naval court of honour found him guilty of misconduct (for refusing to marry a shipyard directors daughter with whom he had had an affair). [10], Lina Heydrich gave birth to two sons, Klaus (born 17 June 1933) and Heider (born 23 December 1934). [145] She remarried once and died in 1985. He was also Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor (Deputy/Acting Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. Heydrich sent a telegram that night to various SD and Gestapo offices, helping to coordinate the pogrom with the SS, SD, Gestapo, uniformed police (Orpo), SA, Nazi party officials, and even the fire departments. Heydrich labelled them "economic criminals" and "enemies of the people", which helped gain him support. The explosion ripped through the right rear fender and wounded Heydrich, with metal fragments and fibres from the upholstery causing serious damage to his left side. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [65], Heydrich was assigned to help organise the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. [35][36] Lina ignored this message, packed Heydrich's suitcase, and sent him to Munich. Nazi intelligence falsely linked the Czech and Slovak soldiers and resistance partisans to the villages of Lidice and Leky. WebAll Family Trees results for Reinhard Heydrich. Reinhard Heydrich: In Depth This led to the sweeping use of Schutzhaft"protective custody", a euphemism for the power to imprison people without judicial proceedings. Coordinating the Destruction of an Entire People: The Wannsee On 3 June, the day after Himmler's visit, Heydrich fell into a coma and never regained consciousness. Reinhard was the older of the two, born on March 7, 1904. Reinhard lived in Halle. She was declared entitled to a substantial pension as her husband was a German general killed in action. Himmler gave the eulogy. [21] Heydrich stated he joined the Deutschvlkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund (National German Protection and Shelter League), an antisemitic organisation. [141] A photograph of Heydrich's burial shows the wreaths and mourners to be in section A, which abuts the north wall of the Invalidenfriedhof and Scharnhorststrae, at the front of the cemetery. [4] He was one of the main architects of the Holocaust during the early war years, answering to and taking orders from only Hitler, Gring, and Himmler in all matters pertaining to the deportation, imprisonment, and extermination of Jews. 1942), The History Learning Site - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Shot and wounded from a blast from a hand grenade, he died eight days later from blood poisoning by the metal fragments lodged is his body. Reinhard heydrich part iii codoh. [40] As his power and influence grew throughout the 1930s, his wealth grew commensurately; in 1935 he received a base salary of 8,400 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 38,766 in 2021) and an allowance of 12,000 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 55,379 in 2021) and by 1938 his income increased to 17,371 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 77,580 in 2021), annually. Despite a fever, Heydrich's recovery appeared to progress well. Libor Holik, mayor of the municipality, said: 'I had a chance to talk with Heider Heydrich in order to put the chateau into its original shape. For other people with the surname, see, Acting Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. Goodwill ambassadors were sent to countries that were considering a boycott. [11], Their fourth child, a daughter named Marte (born 23 July 1942) was born shortly after Reinhard Heydrich's death. This left Lina at home with the children and having to run the household alone. WebReinhard Heydrich was born on March 7 1904, in Halle, to Richard Bruno Heydrich and Elisabeth Krantz. The comments below have been moderated in advance. They began with Bavaria. [148], Infuriated by Heydrich's death, Hitler ordered the arrest and execution of 10,000 randomly selected Czechs. I see it as a form of compensation, an apology for the crimes for which his father had to answer.'. Lina sold the other family properties, including the home in Berlin and the hunting lodge near Nauen. Reinhard Heydrich was one of the main architects of the Final Solution.. Reinhard Heydrich, also known as The Butcher, rose to be Obergruppenfhrer of the notorious S.S. in Nazi Germany. [8] Lina later stated that Reinhard Heydrich never read Hitler's book, Mein Kampf. [53] Himmler named Heydrich to head the Gestapo on 22 April 1934. Sensing an opportunity to strike a blow at both the Soviet Army and Admiral Canaris of Germany's Abwehr, Heydrich decided that the Soviet officer should be "unmasked". [87][88] Among the 100,000 people murdered in the Intelligenzaktion operations in 19391940, approximately 61,000 were members of the Polish intelligentsia: scholars, clergy, former officers, and others, whom the Germans identified as political targets in the Special Prosecution Book-Poland, compiled before the war began in September 1939. [51] The first concentration camps, which were originally intended to house political opponents, were established in early 1933. Corrections? [140] A recent biography of Heydrich also places the grave in Section A. [94] Most of them were the members of the resistance that had previously been captured and were awaiting trial. [158], Heydrich's time in the SS was a mixture of rapid promotions, reserve commissions in the regular armed forces, and front-line combat service. Gestapo officials retaliated for his death by executing hundreds of Czechs and wiping out the entire village of Lidice. [13], His father was a German nationalist with loyalties to the Kaiser, who instilled patriotic ideas in his three children but was not affiliated with any political party until after World War I. To realise his goals, Heydrich demanded racial classification of those who could and could not be Germanized. He was a key organiser of the Holocaust, the head of the dreaded security section (SD) of the SS and tipped to one day succeed Hitler as Fuehrer. [17] However, the family maintained cordial relations with the Jewish community; many Jewish students attended the Halle Conservatory, and its cellar was rented out to a Jewish salesman. [163][164] While in Norway, Heydrich also organized the arrests of political opponents and arranged for a contingent of 200 SiPo and SD men to be stationed in several major cities. We had to deal with expelling immigrants and traitors. [15] In Czechoslovakia, she was tried in absentia and sentenced to life imprisonment, which she evaded.[13]. [132] Himmler ordered Karl Gebhardt to fly to Prague to assume care. [137] Although Heydrich's death was employed for pro-Reich propaganda, Hitler privately blamed Heydrich for his own death, through carelessness: Since it is opportunity which makes not only the thief but also the assassin, such heroic gestures as driving in an open, unarmoured vehicle or walking about the streets unguarded are just damned stupidity, which serves the Fatherland not one whit. Almost all avenues by which Czechs could express the Czech culture in public were closed. "armdn generl in memoriam Alois Eli", "Pohnut Osudy: Alois Eli. Soon afterward Heydrich and Adolf Eichmann began organizing the first deportations of Jews from Germany and Austria to ghettos in occupied Poland. She further won the right to receive a pension as the result of a series of court cases against the West German government in 1956 and 1959. [111][112], On Himmler's instructions, Heydrich formed the Einsatzgruppen (task forces) to travel in the wake of the German armies at the start of World War II. WebIn 1936, the leaders appointed 32-year-old Heydrich, chief of the newly created security policy. The following year, Heydrich's SD was given responsibility for carrying out the Nacht und Nebel (Night-and-Fog) decree. [136] Hitler attended and placed Heydrich's decorationsincluding the highest grade of the German Order, the Blood Order Medal, the Wound Badge in Gold, and the War Merit Cross 1st Class with Swordson his funeral pillow. WebAlso Known As: Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich Died At Age: 38 Family: Spouse/Ex-: Lina Heydrich father: Richard Bruno Heydrich mother: Elisabeth Krantz siblings: Heinz Heydrich, Q15303817 children: Heider Heydrich, Klaus Heydrich, Marte Heydrich, Silke Heydrich Soldiers War Criminals Height: 1.91 m Died on: June 4, 1942 place of death: [68] He then had the Gestapo carry out house searches, arrests, and interrogations, thus in effect exercising control over public opinion. [161][162], Heydrich began training as a pilot in 1935, and undertook fighter pilot training at the flight school at Werneuchen in 1939. The revenge Hitler wreaked on the Czech people was terrible. Reinhard married Lina Heydrich on December 26 1931, at age 27. To counteract these rumors, Heydrich told people he had joined several antisemitic and nationalist organizations, such as the Deutschvlkischer Schutz und Trutzbund. Heydrich, pictured above on the left, was assassinated in 1942 by Czech commandos trained by Britain as he drove to Prague. Eventually they married for the purpose of changing her [90] Upon his appointment, Heydrich told his aides: "We will Germanize the Czech vermin. Reinhard Heydrich was born on March 7, 1904, in Halle an der Saale, 20 miles northwest of Leipzig, in the German state of Saxony. The attacks were carried out by SA stormtroopers and civilians and presaged the Holocaust. Reinhard Heydrich By order of the Reichsfhrer-SS, residency without possession of an identification card is punishable by death. [3] He was also a friend of Lina Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich's wife. Death: July 03, 2007 (72) Immediate Family: Son of Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich and Lina Mathilde Heydrich. Immediately after the arrests have been carried out, the appropriate concentration camps should be contacted to place the Jews into camps as quickly as possible. Assassination of Reinhard Heydrich Reinhard Heydrich, in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germanydied June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmlers chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (Protective Echelon), the paramilitary corps commonly known as the SS. He became a naval cadet at Kiel, Germany's primary naval base. On the afternoon of Tuesday, January 20, 1942, Chief of Security Police and the SD, Reinhard Heydrich, telephoned his superior, Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler.He had much to tell him. The telegram is evidence number PS-3363 from the Oswald Pohl case at the Nuremberg Trials. [19] Heydrich, then 15 years old, joined Maercker's Volunteer Rifles (a paramilitary Freikorps unit). Rudolf Diels ( Berghausen, Renania 16 de diciembre de 1900 Katzenelnbogen, 18 de noviembre de 1957) fue un abogado y funcionario alemn que ejerci como primer lder de la Gestapo, en 1933-1934. [82], By late 1940, German armies had invaded most of Western Europe. On July 31, 1941, Hermann Gring commissioned Heydrich to carry out a final solution to the Jewish question, authorizing him to take all organizational and administrative steps necessary for the extermination of the Jews. She spoke with several authors, wrote letters of correction to many newspapers, and defended the reputation of her first husband (Heydrich) until her death at age 74 in August 1985 in Fehmarn. Both towns were burned and Lidice's ruins were levelled. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [33] His party number was 544,916 and his SS number was 10,120. After an elaborate funeral held in Prague on 7 June 1942, Heydrich's coffin was placed on a train to Berlin, where a second ceremony was held in the new Reich Chancellery on 9 June. [13], In recognition of her husband's service to the Nazi cause, Hitler gave to Lina the country estate of Jungfern-Breschan in rural Bohemia. Historians regard Heydrich as the most fearsome member of the Nazi elite. Reinhard Heydrich Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich was born March 7, 1904, into a Catholic family in the German city of Halle. A Gestapo report stated that Lidice, 22 kilometres (14mi) north-west of Prague, was suspected as the assailants' hiding place because several Czech army officers, then in England, had come from there; additionally, the Gestapo had found a resistance radio transmitter in Leky. After a traitor in the Czech resistance betrayed their location,[147] the church was surrounded by 800 members of the SS and Gestapo. By Allan Hall for MailOnline Updated: 12:14 EDT, 28 March 2011. Soon after a chance introduction to Himmler, Heydrich was entrusted with the organization of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD; Security Service), the intelligence and surveillance arm of the SS. The Czech lands were an important industrial zone for the German military, and indiscriminate killing could reduce the region's productivity. [58], With the SA out of the way, Heydrich began building the Gestapo into an instrument of fear.
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