The American portion of that artillery force consisted of fewer than 400 gunners of the Continental artillery. Washington also prepared false papers discussing attack plans on Clinton, and let these papers fall into British hands.. Search New Jersey Revolutionary War Rolls, . John Armstrong. [19] Daily Reports by Field Officers of the Batteries, GLC02437.01228, 01229 and 01232, and Invoice of stores on the lines October 19th 1781, GLC02437.01242, GLI; Howard H. Peckham, The Toll of Independence (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), 92. Knox brought together the four elements described above in a Corps of Artillery at Yorktown. see also my Artillery at Yorktown: A Statistical Overview (Part 2 of 2) The Brigade Dispatch. The number of unexploded shells out of the 2,178 fired by American gunners is unknown so any such problem cannot be quantified. They could strike a decisive blow to the British in New York City or aim for the south, in Yorktown, Virginia, where Gen. Charles Lord Cornwalliss troops were garrisoned. Harrisons second-in-command was the versatile and capable Lt. Col. Edward Carrington. October 19. John Althause Jr It is where the British Army surrendered and the British government began to consider a peace treaty. National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior. Portions of these and perhaps other companies, serving under Captain Coleman, reported to General Knox when he arrived in Williamsburg in September. Thank you Stuart. Brig. May 1780: Sir John Johnson leads Royal Greens, Rangers, and Indians in raid on Johnstown and Caughnawaga. General Knox ordered Colonel Lamb to take charge of transporting the artillery and supplies, including captured pieces, to Philadelphia and the 2nd Continental Artillery accompanied the guns there before going into winter quarters at Burlington, New Jersey. Oct . The successful siege allowed the allies to complete the second parallel trench and snuffed out the last remains of resistance among the British. In a final effort on October 16, Cornwallis attempted a nighttime sea evacuation, but he was stopped by a storm. [2], The regiment that marched south was comprised of seven companies, raised primarily in New York, whose captains were: Thomas Bliss; John Doughty; George Fleming; Thomas Machin; Gershom Mott; Jacob Reed; and William Stevens. These records can be an excellent source for names, dates, locations, and family relationships. The Siege of Yorktown was the culminating act of the Yorktown campaign, a series of military operations occupying much of 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. They, along with pay lists, were effectively the main everyday service records kept by the army of men in active service. One of the most beautiful courses in Virginia, the run is entirely on the Yorktown Battlefield tour roads, with scenic views of woods, meadows, fields and creeks. Every purchase supports the mission. Forty percent of the American rounds fired were from mortars and howitzers, accounting for nearly seventy percent of the weight of metal fired. Oct . Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! How to search for musters and pay lists 1878-1898, Friends of The National How to search for musters and pay lists c.1730-1878, 4. Oct . The men detailed for service in the batteries formed each day at 11 A.M. before marching to their assigned battery or redoubt for a twenty-four-hour tour of duty beginning at noon. What song did the British actually play as they surrendered at Yorktown? However, Denny observed the shells did not burst, as was expected, inferring a problem with fuses. 2. Rank Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History. They provide a soldiers: From about 1868 musters may also include Marriage Rolls giving details of children and wives occupying married quarters. When they found the French fleet was instead sailing to the Chesapeake Bay, Washington concocted a new plan. Why did the French send troops to aid the Continental Army in the War for Independence? Clicking on the View Image icon on the search results or record level pages will take you to the first image of the roll that the individual is on. Previously served with Emmerichs Chasseurs in 1777. The detachment of the 1st Continental Artillery remained in Virginia, while that of the 4th Continental Artillery joined Gen. Nathanael Greenes Army in the Carolinas. Journal Of The Brigade Of The American Revolution vol. $249.99 Add to Favorites . Gershom Mott was in hospital at Albany and Capt. [15] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-16, 1781; William Stevens, A System for the Discipline of the Artillery of the United States of America, or, the Young Artillerists Pocket Companion (New York: William A. Davis, 1797), 195. 19, 1781 19, 1781 It is so dramatic, in fact, that playwright and composer Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote his own version of the fictional tune to cap the Battle of Yorktown scene in his Broadway hit Hamilton. Research our Records The National Archives holds records relating to military service during the Revolutionary War, including both Continental troops and state troops that served as Continental troops. Then,Lt. Col. Alexander Hamiltons force, consisting of a detachment of 400 of his light infantry, assaults redoubt #10 with bayonets fixed and muskets unloaded. These show a total of 235 officers and men which, with the addition of regimental staff, is consistent with the total of 242 in the October 1, 1781 return. The whole operation had consumed fewer than ten minutes., READ MORE:How Alexander Hamilton's Men Surprised the Enemy at the Battle of Yorktown. The muster rolls are on fold3.com. A-030. Surrender of Conwallis. If you are searching within WO 69, search by name of non-commissioned officer or soldier within WO 69. The muster rolls are on fold3.com. Althause's Company of New York Volunteers Journal Of The Brigade Of The American Revolution vol. William Stevens provided support to the infantry by advancing six 3-pounders, though the attackers were successful without that support. Don't miss my book on the Loyalist Isaac Vollick (aka Van Valkenburg). present For the militias contribution see William W. Reynolds, The Virginia Militia at the Siege of Yorktown, Military Collector & Historian 67 (2015): 175-176. They have to be taken by force. For more information on soldiers records from this period see our guide to British Army soldiers up to 1913. Thus it was a reduced contingent of the 4th Continental Artillery that was available to Knox in September. Private John Nicols 19, 1781 [13] Henry P. Johnston, The Yorktown Campaign and the Surrender of Cornwallis 1781 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1881), 174; William Feltman, The Journal of Lieut. Meyers, 1893), 15: 750. Oct . Although it takes the Americans two more years of skillful diplomacy to formally secure their independence through the Treaty of Paris, the war is won with the British defeat at Yorktown. 10. Archives, Open Government Licence Aerial Assortments. Fredk. Early in the siege a typical detail from the 2nd Regiment numbered fourteen, to which were added men from the other artillery regiments as well as the three auxiliary units. Uploaded by On that date less than one thousand American and French artillerymen began bombarding the British lines, initiating an eight-day assault that directly resulted in the British surrender and which had the eventual consequence of American independence. Oct . Private NARA M246. During the siege Carrington apparently also commanded the detachments of the 1st and 3rd Continental Artillery Regiments. Muster Rolls, 1860-1939. Record types contained in this collection include: Revolutionary War American Forces included various organizations formed by the Continental Congress as well as individual states, counties, and towns. But I guess since, Appreciated Stuarts podcast and learned a lot. Prime Minister Frederick North exclaimed upon hearing of the Yorktown surrender, writes Alan Taylor in American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804. To browse this image set, select from the options below. Voluntary military service is contractual, so it's a type of indentured servitude. Cornwallis stated after the siege that all our guns on the left were silenced, our works much damaged, and our loss of men considerable. Following the siege French gunners praised their American counterparts, as did Lt. Gen. Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de Rochambeau and his generals. Present Missing John Harley All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Oct . You may also need to know the relevant regimental district numbers, a key to which can be found in the record summary of WO 16. The British seek honorable terms of surrender, but Washington refuses as American forces were denied the that honor in Charleston, South Carolina, earlier in the war. [16] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-12, 1781; Daily Reports by Field Officers of the Batteries, GLC02437.01218, 01219, 01222, 01226, 01227, 01228, 01229, 01232, and 01234, GLI; Adrian B. Caruana, British Artillery Ammunition 1780 (Alexandria Bay, NY: Museum Restoration Service, 1979), 20-21. William Feltman (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1853), 18; Diary of Captain James Duncan, of Colonel Moses Hazens Regiment in the Yorktown Campaign, 1781, Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series (Harrisburg: E.K. This series of battles and Nixon's presence in New York starting in July further support the idea that Freeman served at Saratoga and not Brandywine and witnessed a pivotal turning point in the American Revolution. Proclaimed traitors to the US 1778. Aerial. present There are some difficulties in using WO 16, caused by the re-organisation of the Army in 1881. 10 siege would be led by Colonel Alexander Hamilton. The Field Officer of the Trenches was also supposed to report daily on the apparent effect on the enemys works of the bombardment, but the fact that none of the nine reports contain such information indicates that the damage to the British works was obvious. By mid-September 1781, Washington and Rochambeau arrived in Williamsburg, Virginia, 13 miles from the tobacco port of Yorktown, where Cornwalliss men had built a defense of 10 small forts (a.k.a. Our work has been featured by the New York Times, TIME magazine, History Channel, Discovery Channel, Smithsonian, Mental Floss, NPR, and more. They also assisted Capt. Private [14] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-17, 1781. Siege and Surrender of Yorktown, Sept.-Oct., 1781. v3.0, Household troops, cavalry, guards, regular infantry, special regiments and corps, colonial troops, foreign legions and regiments, and regimental, brigade and other depots, From 1816 to 1856, the musters are principally of the Royal Corps of Sappers and Miners, and list only NCOs and other ranks. Presumably the detachment from the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment returned to their base in the New York Highlands. [7], The original commander of the 4th Continental Artillery Regiment, Col. Thomas Proctor, had resigned in April so Knox appointed as his replacement the 1st Regiments Lieutenant Colonel Carrington, then serving as Deputy Quartermaster General for Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greenes Army. Private Credit: Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images, How Alexander Hamilton's Men Surprised the Enemy at the Battle of Yorktown, https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/siege-of-yorktown. Sick at F Mar. But historians have said it cannot be true. on August 12, 2008. Those of the Italian Legion no longer survive. Record types contained in this collection include: Muster rolls Payrolls Strength returns Misc., personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units Ensign These documents include muster rolls, payrolls, strength returns, and other miscellaneous personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units, 1775-83. . Mustor (muster) books and pay lists: General series: Cavalry (Swift, 1984), Amanda Bevan, Tracing your Ancestors in the The National Archives (The National Archives, 2006), J Gibson and M Medlycott, Militia lists and musters, 1757-1876: a directory of holdings in the British Isles (Federation of Family History Societies, 2004), William Spencer, Army Records: A guide for family historians (The National Archives, 2008), William Spencer, Records of the Militia and Volunteer Forces 1757-1945 (Public Record Office, 1997), For quick pointersTuesday to Saturday [1], Gen. George Washingtons determination of units from the American Army in New York that would march to Yorktown in August 1781 included only one artillery regiment, the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment. Nov. 7, 1781 In addition, there was no widely known tune at that time called The World Turned Upside Down. Finally, Article III of the Articles of Capitulation signed at Yorktown clearly states that The [British] garrisonwill march outwith shouldered arms, colours cased, anddrums beatinga British or German march. Both sides were desperately seeking a definitive victory. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Aerial. Washington ordered the construction of large camps with huge brick bread ovens where Clinton could see them to create the illusion that the Continental Army was preparing for a long stay. Aaron Burr. In this encounter, called the Battle of the Capes, the British fleet is soundly defeated and forced to abandon Cornwalliss army at Yorktown. Montgomery, Thomas Lynch. For the sake of silence, surprise, and soldierly pride, they had unloaded their guns to take the position with bayonets alone. $159.99 Add to Favorites . The attack on redoubt No. Rolling Thunder. Italso cemented Washingtons reputation as a great leader and eventual election as first president of the United States. 19, 1781 Benedict Arnold. She and her husband head to Salt Lake City Utah to research Janie's elusive 4th great-grandmother. 19, 1781 Sick at F 19, 1781 Sick at F The war with Britain had reached a stalemate. Washington's Officers at Valley Forge. A total of 14,000 men were recruited, although none saw active service: they were disbanded after the war. This guide provides advice on finding records held at The National Archives known as muster rolls, pay lists and description books. Private Available now on Amazon.com and Amazon.ca, Submitter: Linda Harper Oct . Yorktown was attacked twice at Midway. There are also description books for the Royal Artillery, 1749-1863 and 1773-1876, in WO 54/260-309 and WO 69/74-80, respectively, and for the Royal Irish Artillery, 1756-1774, in WO 69/620. [13], Prior to the beginning of the bombardment Knox issued orders that a Field officer of artillery will be appointed every day to command in the Trenches he will pointedly attend that the firing is well-directed according to the object and further ordered that the officers of Artillery in the Batteries are to level every piece themselves. Colonel Lamb and Lieutenant Colonel Stevens took the first days assignment as field officer of, respectively, the batteries and the artillery park; subsequently Lieutenant Colonel Carrington and Major Bauman relieved Lamb and Stevens and that cycle continued throughout the siege. During the American Revolution, the colonies were facing a superpower. 40, no. Missing In response, Cornwallis asked Clinton for aid, and the general promised him a fleet of 5,000 British soldiers would set sail from New York to Yorktown. The heavy cannons pounded the British mercilessly, and by October 11 had knocked out most of the British guns, the Army Heritage Center Foundation states. Missing This series is arranged in two chronological segments (18981930 and 19311939), and thereunder alphabetically by the name or type of vessel or shore unit. After nightfall on October 14, the allies fired several consecutive shells in the air that brilliantly illuminated the sky, Chernow writes. This muster roll is from 1782 a year after the Battle of Yorktown Virginia. During the Crimean War, men were recruited abroad to form the British German Legion, the British Italian Legion, and the British Swiss Legion. 6x gr.grandfather and John ludwig married his daughter and Capt. Oct . On October 18, 1781, the British army surrendered at Yorktown. Their daily rate of fire averaged 686 rounds varying from a low of about 240 to a high of over 1,600; American gunners hurled over one hundred tons of metal at the British during the bombardment. Assault upon Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. . You will then need to scroll through the images until you find the correct image. As one of four experienced field officers of artillery, he would prove to be a valuable addition to Knoxs force during the siege.[8]. Present $179.99 Add to Favorites . But plans changed. That contingent was further weakened due to a September 23 altercation between Duffy and another officer, leading to Duffys arrest, court martial, and dismissal from the service on October 12. Sick at F Specifying only 160 militiamen suggests that Knox had determined he needed a total of 420 auxiliaries, since there were plenty of militiamen available to him at Yorktown. Journal of the American Revolution is the leading source of knowledge about the American Revolution and Founding Era. The books themselves are in alphabetical order of soldiers names. In the afternoon, the Allied barrage begins, with the French opening the salvo. They are found at the end of each quarter (or the beginning for regiments stationed in India). Debeck Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. Private Cowpens, in its part in the Revolution, was a surprising victory and a turning point that changed the psychology of the entire war. However, Paul Aussaresses, Lartillerie francaise au siege de Yorktown (1781), Revue Historique de lArmee 26 (2) (1970): 38 stated that the French had deployed sixty-four pieces, though that double-counted pieces in the first and second parallel. General George Washington and his Continental Army had a decision to make in the spring of 1781. This database contains U.S. Navy muster rolls and associated reports of changes for U.S. Navy enlisted personnel who served on U.S. Navy ships or in other naval activities between 31 January 1938 and 31 December 1949. They marched for days to meet up with Gen. Washingtons troops in New York, where they were to attack the British stronghold in New York City. 09:00 to 17:00. Lancaster 24 April 1782 The second type of service . Private Surrounded by enemy fire, and blocked from receiving aid by the French fleet that had arrived in Chesapeake Bay, Cornwallis was trapped. Outnumbered and outfought during a three-week siege in which they sustained great losses, British troops surrendered to the Continental Army and their French allies. [9], Knox undoubtedly knew before he left New York that he would not have trained gunners sufficient for the number of pieces of siege artillery he planned to take to Yorktown, and this muster provided confirmation. Ancestry.ca Free Trial, Janie Riley is an avid genealogist with a habit of stumbling on to dead bodies. British redoubts #9 and #10 prevent the second parallel from extending to the river and the British are still able to reinforce the garrisons inside the redoubts. This small diverse group performed brilliantly, winning the respect of their French counterparts. Aerial Assortments. Wounded at Brandywine battle on September 11, 1777. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. "Oh God, it is all over!" With the mission refocused on taking Cornwalliss army in Yorktown, the French continued their trek for 300 miles and five weeks and helped win a critical victory for the Americans. You may want to start by searching for a person's Military Service Records and Pension and Bounty Land records. Francis Bilas October 17. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. On September 5, while the Allied army is still on route, the French fleet guards the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. To identify state and military unit of interest . [5], Washington had ordered Maj. Gen.Marquis de Lafayette to take 1,200 Continentals from the army in New York to Virginia in February 1781 to oppose British forces then threatening that state, instructing Lafayette to confer with General Knox concerning needed artillery support. An index to the names of individuals contained in these records was created by Direct Data Capture. Roster of Patriot Soldiers at the Battles of Ninety Six (1775 & 1781) Roster : Roster of South Carolina Patriots in the American Revolution by Bobby G. Moss Patriots : Patriots at Cowpens by Bobby G Moss Papers : see files in blue folders- copies of pension, etc Savannah : From Savannah to Yorktown by Henry Lumpkin Join us online July 24-26! Lord North resigns 15 days later. Cornwallis has thrown up a series of redoubts on the outskirts of Yorktown while the majority of his men hunker down in the town. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. This data collection contains an estimated 80,000 application files from officers and enlisted men who served in the Revolutionary War in all branches of the American military: army, navy, and marines. For those covering the date of the Battle of Waterloo you can also search by an individuals name. 19, 1781 [12], Most of the artillery had been hauled from Trebells Landing across the peninsula six miles to the artillery park by October 6 allowing Knoxs men to concentrate on completing the batteries and moving guns and mortars into them. During the attack on Redoubts 9 and 10 on the evening of October 14, the 2nd Artillerys Capt. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! The Childers reforms of 1881 (a process which began with the Cardwell reforms of the 1870s) led to major changes within infantry (foot) regiments: The arrangement of WO 16 reflects the re-organisation of the army following the Cardwell-Childers reforms. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, National Archives Building in Washington, DC, National Archives at College Park, Maryland, Know Your Records: U.S. Navy Muster Rolls and Personnel Diaries, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. Records of some soldiers children may be found among the papers of the Duke of Yorks School and the Royal Hibernian School in WO 143, from 1801. Colonial National Historical Park preserves the Yorktown Battlefield, one of the most pivotal Revolutionary War battlefields and a must-see for any Revolutionary War enthusiast. Olive Tree Genealogy was chosen by Family Tree Magazine as one of the 101 Best Genealogy Websites 2017! Muster rolls for the other two regiments for early 1782 are proxies for the September 1781 rolls. In 1779, despite Louis support, the Continental Army, was still struggling. John Cochran. George Hunter They surprised the British in a siege that turned the tide toward an American victory in the War for Independence. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. All rights reserved The American conflict was unpopular and divisive, and there was no end in sight. [18] Tilden, Extracts from the Journal of Lieutenant John Bell Tilden, 61; Minutes of Occurrences respecting the Seige (sic) and Capture of York in Virginia, extracted from the Journal of Colonel Jonathan Trumbull, Secretary to the General, 1781, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 14 (1875-76): 336; Henry Lee, Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States (Washington: Peter Force, 1827), 360, 365; Benjamin Franklin Stevens, ed., The Campaign in Virginia 1781: An Exact Reprint of Six Rare Pamphlets on the Clinton-Cornwallis Controversy (London, 1888), II:205; Howard C. Rice, Jr., and Anne S.K. It is important to view the image of the original record as additional information about the individual will likely be listed. Muster Roll of the Detached Corps under Charge of Lt. DeBeck ,New York Volunteers The 1st Regiment did not reach Charleston before Lincoln surrendered the city to the British, so it joined the Southern Army under Gen. Horatio Gates (and later, Gen. Nathanael Greene) and served in the Carolinas. Sick at F FAQ; Site Index; Espaol; Stay Connected. Most of the muster rolls that have survived were made up just before the men were discharged from duty. The British surrender forecast the end of British rule in the colonies and the birth of a new nationthe United States of America. However, the daily reports of ammunition expended do not suggest a dramatic increase in the number of artillery pieces in service throughout the siege. He asked for a cease fire that day leading to his surrender two days later. Colonial National Historical Park - Yorktown Battlefield P.O. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield. sick at F Knox assigned Lafayette one company each from the 2nd and 3rd Continental Artillery Regiments under Capt. [12] John Bell Tilden, Extracts from the Journal of Lieutenant John Bell Tilden, Second Pennsylvania Line, 1781-1782, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 19 (1895): 60; Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 9-17, 1781; Octavius Pickering, Life of Timothy Pickering (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1867), 1: 305; Sims, Military Career of John Lamb, 139. The files that make up these records consist of 10" x 14" cards or 10" x 14" envelopes that can contain documents relating to an application for a pension or bounty-land warrant by a Revolutionary War veteran, his widow, or his heirs. The Modern Military Branch, National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001, has custody of deck logs from 1941 to 1983, as well as muster rolls. You can browse these by regiment. Thanks! The first entry for a recruit in a muster book usually gives his age, place of enlistment and trade. Description books of sappers, miners, artificers and the like, 1756-1833, are in WO 54/310-316. Oct . France was a longtime foe of Britain and still thirsting for revenge after their defeat by the Crown in the Seven Years War. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
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